List of Common Plant Diseases

Gardeners, farmers and nursery plant owners often want to know about the various types of plant diseases. Plant diseases can be grouped into two categories - parasitic and non-parasitic diseases. The non pathogenic diseases in plants can occur due to changes in the soil pH, humidity, moisture in soil, etc. However, parasitic diseases are caused by contagious pathogens. These pathogens easily pass on from plant to plant, through air, soil, water, use of tools, insects, etc. In this Gardenerdy article, we shall have a look at a list of common plant diseases that are encountered in gardens and farms.

List of Common Plant Pathogens

Before going through the list of plant diseases, let us have a look at the pathogens causing them. These biological agents that affect plants are as follows: Fungi (that include saprophytic fungi and parasitic fungi) Bacteria Viruses Nematodes Mycoplasmas

List of Common Plant Diseases

As you have seen, there are 5 biological agents that cause plant diseases. The following list contains names of plant diseases that commonly trouble gardeners as well as farmers alike.

List of Plant Diseases Caused by Fungi

Fungi are known to cause extensive damage to the plants, especially the crops. Fungal parasites can either be saprophytic, that is feeding on dead or decaying organic matter or parasitic fungi that live on or within a host plant as an obligate or non-obligate parasite. They cause the following diseases:

Name of Disease Plants Affected Cankers Woody plants Damping off All types of plants Downy mildew Grains, alfalfa, onions, cucumbers Ergot Rye, barley, wheat and other grasses Powdery mildew Grains, legumes Root rots All types of plants Rusts Wheat, oats, barley, rye Scab Wheat, rye, barley, potatoes Seed decay All types of plants Smuts Oats, barley, grasses, corn, wheat Soft rots, dry rots Potatoes, onions, carrots, fleshy organs, etc. Wilts Potatoes, alfalfa, trees

List of Plant Diseases Caused by Bacteria

Bacterial infection is very destructive to plants. There are over 50 species of bacteria that cause plant diseases. These bacteria enter the plant cells by pruning, cracks, stomata opening, cuts and wounds. Some of the bacterial diseases in plants are as follows:

Name of Disease Plants Affected Bacterial wilts Corn, alfalfa, tomatoes, tobacco, potatoes Blights Fruit trees, vegetable crops Cankers Woody plants Bacterial speck Fruits and leaves of different plants Crown gall Many crops, trees Leaf spot Beans, peas, trees, cotton Pith necrosis Greenhouse tomatoes Soft rots Fleshy or succulent plant parts

List of Plant Diseases Caused by Viruses

Viruses can spread to plants when they invade the cellulose barriers of the cells. They spread with the help of infected seeds, grafting, pollination, dripping sap, etc. Once a plant is infected by a virus, it will surely die.

Name of Disease Plants Affected Mosaic leaf Tobacco, corn, small grains, forage, legumes, tomatoes, potatoes, peas, sugar beets, cucumber, beans, maize, cauliflower, sugarcane Curly top Beans, sugar beets, tomato Yellowing of leaf Barley, potato, sugar beet Bud Blight Soy beans

List of Plant Diseases Caused by Nematodes

Nematodes are tiny animals that are adapted to all types of ecosystems. They are found in fresh waters, polar regions, tropics, marine environment, etc. They may be helpful or destructive to a plant depending on the species. The predatory ones then attack plants and act as viral vectors spreading diseases.

Name of Disease Plants Affected Hairy root Sugarbeets, soybeans, potatoes Root-knot Tomatoes, peanuts and other crop plants Root lesions More than 2000 plant hosts Necrosis and stunting by foliar nematodes Alfalfa, clover, onions

List of Plant Diseases Caused by Mycoplasmas

Mycoplasmas are a genre of bacteria that lack a cell wall. They are transmitted from an infected plant through sap sucking plants. They make home in the phloem of the plant and reproduce. Diseases caused by mycoplasmas in plants are as follows:

Name of Disease Plants Affected Aster yellows Many plant species Pear decline Pears Western X Stone fruit trees

This was a list of common plant diseases that many agriculturists and gardeners come across. If one has doubts about diseases or infections affecting their plants, one should go and speak to the experts in their area. There are treatments available to get rid of these plant diseases and save your plants or crops from destruction.